ๅฎใใใฎใใฉใใใฏในใจใฏใๅฎใใใใใฎไปใฎใฎใฃใณใใซใซใใใฆใไบบใ
ใ้ๅธธใซไฝใ็ขบ็ใงใใ่ตทใใใชใไบ่ฑกใซๅฏพใใฆใ้ใๆใ่กๅใๆใใพใใใใฎใใฉใใใฏในใฏใ็ตๆธๅญฆใๅฟ็ๅญฆใซใใใๆๆๆฑบๅฎใฎ็่ซใจ้ข้ฃใใฆใใพใใ
้ๅธธใๅ็็ใชๆๆๆฑบๅฎ่
ใฏใๆๅพ
ๅคใ้ซใ้ธๆใใใใใจใไบๆณใใใพใใๆๅพ
ๅคใฏใๅ็ตๆใฎ็ขบ็ใจใใฎ็ตๆใฎไพกๅค๏ผใพใใฏใๅน็จใ๏ผใฎ็ฉใฎๅ่จใง่จ็ฎใใใพใใใใใใๅฎใใใฎใใใชใฎใฃใณใใซใงใฏใๆๅพ
ๅคใ่ณผๅ
ฅใใใใฑใใใฎไพกๆ ผใใใ้ๅธธไฝใใชใใพใใใคใพใใ็ตฑ่จ็ใซใฏใๅฎใใใ่ฒทใใใจใฏใ้ใๅคฑใ่ก็บใจใชใใพใใ
ใใใซใใใใใใใๅคใใฎไบบใ
ใๅฎใใใ่ณผๅ
ฅใใพใใใใใฏไปฅไธใฎใใใช็็ฑใซใใใใฎใงใ๏ผ
้ๅคง่ฉไพกใใใๅๅฉใฎ็ขบ็: ไบบใ
ใฏไฝ็ขบ็ใฎไบ่ฑกใฎ็บ็็ขบ็ใ้ๅคง่ฉไพกใใใกใงใใ้ๅธธใซไฝใ็ขบ็ใงใใๅๅฉใฎๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใจๆใใใจใๅฎใใใฎ่ณผๅ
ฅใๆฑบๆญใใพใใ
ๅคขใๅธๆใฎไพกๅค: ๅฎใใใ่ณผๅ
ฅใใใใจใงใไบบใ
ใฏๅคง้ใๅพใๅคขใๅธๆใใ่ณผๅ
ฅใใใพใใใใฎๅคขใๅธๆใ่ฟฝใๆฑใใๅฟ็็ใชๆบ่ถณๆใฏใๅฎใใใฎๆๅพ
ๅคไปฅไธใฎไพกๅคใๆใคใใจใใใใพใใ
ใชในใฏใๅใๅพๅ: ไธ้จใฎไบบใ
ใฏใๅฐใใชใชในใฏใๅใใใจใซใใฃใฆๅพใใใๅคงใใชๅ ฑ้
ฌใฎๅฏ่ฝๆงใซ้ญ
ๅใๆใใพใใ
ใใฎใใฉใใใฏในใฏใไบบ้ใฎๆๆๆฑบๅฎใๅธธใซ็ด็ฒใซๅ็็ใงใชใใใจใ็คบใใฆใใใๅฟ็็่ฆๅ ใๆๆ
ใ็ตๆธ็ๆฑบๅฎใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้ฟใไธใใใใจใๆใใใซใใฆใใพใใ
ๅฎใใใฎๆๅพ
ๅค๏ผๆๅพ
้้ก๏ผใฏใๅ่ณ้ใฎ้้กใซใใฎ่ณ้ใๅพใ็ขบ็ใๆใใใใฎใฎ็ทๅใง่จ็ฎใใใพใใไธ่ฌใซใๅฎใใใฎๆๅพ
ๅคใฏใใฎๅฎใใใฎ่ณผๅ
ฅไพกๆ ผใใใไฝใใใจใๅคใใงใใใ้ๅธธใซ้ซ้กใชๅฝ้ธ้ใใใๅ ดๅใซใฏใ่ณผๅ
ฅใใใใจใฎใๅฟ็็ใชไพกๅคใใ่ๆ
ฎใใๅฟ
่ฆใใใใพใใ
ๅฎใใใฎๆๅพ
ๅค E ใ่จ็ฎใใๅ
ฌๅผใฏไปฅไธใฎใใใซใชใใพใ๏ผ
ใใใงใ
Piโ ใฏๅ่ณ้ i ใๅฝใฆใ็ขบ็ใ
Wiโ ใฏ่ณ้ i ใฎ้้กใ
C ใฏๅฎใใใฎ่ณผๅ
ฅไพกๆ ผใ
n ใฏ่ณ้ใๅพใ็ฐใชใๆนๆณใฎๆฐใงใใ
ไธ่จใฎๅผใฏ็ขบ็ใฎๅ ้ๅนณๅใงใใใญ๏ผ
ใฏใใไธ่จใฎๅผใฏ็ขบ็ใฎๅ ้ๅนณๅใ่กจใใฆใใพใใใใฎๅ ดๅใๅฎใใใฎๆๅพ
ๅคใฎ่จ็ฎใงใฏใๅ่ณ้ใๅพใ็ขบ็ใใใฎ่ณ้ใฎ้้กใซๆใใใใใใฎ็ฉใฎๅ่จใๅใใพใใใใใซใใใ่ณผๅ
ฅ่
ใๅฎใใใ่ณผๅ
ฅใใๅ ดๅใซๅนณๅใใฆใฉใฎ็จๅบฆใฎ้้กใใๆๅพ
ใใงใใใใ็คบใๅคใๅพใใใพใใ่จใๆใใใฐใๅฎใใใฎๆๅพ
ๅคใฏใ่ณ้ใฎ็ขบ็ๅ ้ๅนณๅใงใใ
ๆๅพ
ๅคใฎ่จ็ฎๅผใฏไธ่ฌใซใใใไบ่ฑกใฎ็ตๆใจใใฆๅพใใใๅคใซใใใฎ็ตๆใ็บ็ใใ็ขบ็ใไนใใใใฎใฎๅ่จใงๅฎ็พฉใใใพใใใใฎ่จ็ฎใซใใใใฉใณใใ ใชไบ่ฑกใฎ็ตๆใจใใฆๆๅพ
ใใใๅนณๅ็ใชๅคใ็ฎๅบใใใพใใๅฎใใใฎๆ่ใงใฏใใใฎ่จ็ฎใซใใฃใฆใๅฎใใใฎ่ณผๅ
ฅใๅนณๅ็ใซใฉใฎ็จๅบฆใฎใไพกๅคใใๆใคใใ็คบใใใพใใใใใใฏ้ๅธธใๅฎใใใฎ่ณผๅ
ฅไพกๆ ผใใใไฝใใใจใๅคใใงใใ
ๅ
ทไฝไพใ้ใใฆๅฎใใใฎๆๅพ
ๅคใ่จ็ฎใใๆนๆณใ่ฆใฆใฟใพใใใใไปฅไธใฎใทใณใใซใชๅฎใใใฎใฑใผในใๆณๅฎใใพใ๏ผ
ใใใใฎๆ
ๅ ฑใๅบใซใๅฎใใใฎๆๅพ
ๅคใ่จ็ฎใใฆใฟใพใใใใ
ๆๅพ
ๅค E ใฎ่จ็ฎๅผใฏใๅ่ณ้ใซใใฎ่ณ้ใๅพใ็ขบ็ใไนใใใใฎใฎ็ทๅใใใๅฎใใใฎ่ณผๅ
ฅไพกๆ ผใๅผใใใใฎใงใใๆฐๅผใง่กจใใจไปฅไธใฎใใใซใชใใพใ๏ผ
(็ขบ็1ร่ณ้1)+(็ขบ็2ร่ณ้2)+โฏโๅฎใใใฎ่ณผๅ
ฅไพกๆ ผE=(็ขบ็1ร่ณ้1)+(็ขบ็2ร่ณ้2)+โฏโๅฎใใใฎ่ณผๅ
ฅไพกๆ ผ
ใใฎใฑใผในใซๅฝใฆใฏใใใจใ
(0.999ร0)+(0.0009ร500)+(0.0001ร1,000,000)โ2E=(0.999ร0)+(0.0009ร500)+(0.0001ร1,000,000)โ2
ใใฎ่จ็ฎใๅฎ่กใใฆใฟใพใใใใ
ใใฎๅฎใใใฎไพใง่จ็ฎใใๆๅพ
ๅคใฏ็ด $98.45 ใงใใใใใฏใใใฎๅฎใใใ่ณผๅ
ฅใใๅ ดๅใๅนณๅใใฆ็ด $98.45 ใฎใไพกๅคใใใใใใจใ็คบใใฆใใพใใ
def calculate_lottery_ev():
purchase_price = 2
probabilities = [0.999, 0.0009, 0.0001]
prizes = [0, 500, 1000000]
expected_value = sum(p * prize for p, prize in zip(probabilities, prizes)) - purchase_price
return expected_value
ev = calculate_lottery_ev()
print(f"The expected value of the lottery ticket is: ${ev:.2f}")