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問：下記の英文を訳せ。

9. Many cases of forgetting in long-term memory are due to retrieval failures (the information is there but cannot be found). Retrieval failures are more likely to occur when there is interference from items associated with the same retrieval cue. Such interference effect suggests that retrieval from long-term memory may be accomplished through a sequential search process or a spreading activation process.

10. Some forgetting from long-term memory is due to a loss from storage, particularly when there is a disruption of the processes that consolidate new memories. The biological locus of consolidation includes the hippocampus and surrounding cortex.
Recent research suggests that consolidation takes a few weeks to be completed.

11. Retrieval failures in long-term memory are less likely when the items are organized during encoding and when the context at the time of retrieval is similar to the context at the time of encoding. Retrieval processes can also be disrupted by emotional factors. In some cases, anxious thoughts interfere with retrieval of the target memory; in others, the target memory may be actively blocked (repressed). In still other cases, emotion can enhance memory, as in flashbulb memories.

12. Explicit memory refers to the kind of memory manifested in recall or recognition, in which we consciously recollect the past. Implicit memory refers to the kind of memory that manifests itself as an improvement on some perceptual, motor, or cognitive task, with no conscious recollection of the experiences that led to the improvement. Although explicit memory-particularly recall and recognition of facts-breaks down in amnesia, implicit memory is usually spared. This suggests that there may be separate storage systems for explicit and implicit memory.

出典：Smith, E. E., Fredrickson, B., Loftus, G., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Barbara, F.(2003). Hilgard's Introduction to Psychology 14th Wadsworth Pub Co.

答：解答例

９．長期記憶における忘却は多くの場合、検索失敗(情報はそこにあるが、見つけることができない状態)によるものである。検索失敗は、同様の検索手がかりと関連づけられた情報に干渉した場合に生じやすくなる。このような干渉による効果は、長期記憶からの検索が継続的探索過程もしくは活性化拡散過程を通して行われる可能性を示唆している。