英語の読解力を伸ばすには多読が必須！特に、TOEFL ibt というテストでは、かなり高度な読解力が必要ですし、何より、このTOEFL ibt という試験が難しいことの理由の１つに、日本語でも勉強していないアカデミックな内容の文章が出題されることです。
このクエストを進めれば、英語の読解力と知識を同時にアップデートさせられるでしょう！
さぁ、今日のクエストを進めてみましょう！

Passages

Title: The Cathedral of Notre Dame of Paris: A Masterpiece of Gothic Architecture

The Cathedral of Notre Dame, situated on the Île de la Cité in Paris, is a testament to the brilliance of medieval architecture. Its construction, spanning over two centuries from the 12th to the 14th, showcases the evolution of Gothic artistry and engineering. With its iconic flying buttresses, intricately designed facades, and soaring spires, Notre Dame stands as a symbol of Paris and a masterpiece of human creativity.

Historical Significance and Construction

Construction of Notre Dame began in 1163 under the reign of King Louis VII and was completed in 1345. It served as a center of religious, cultural, and political life in medieval Paris. The cathedral's construction marked a departure from the earlier Romanesque architectural style, introducing innovations like pointed arches and ribbed vaults, allowing for greater height and light in the interior spaces.

Gothic Architecture and Design

Notre Dame's architectural design reflects the principles of Gothic architecture, emphasizing verticality and light. The use of pointed arches distributed the weight of the ceiling, enabling the construction of higher, thinner walls with expansive stained glass windows. Rose windows, a hallmark of Gothic cathedrals, adorn the façade, depicting biblical stories in vibrant colors. The cathedral's interior is characterized by a sense of awe-inspiring spaciousness and luminosity, creating a direct connection between the worshiper and the divine.

Restoration and Preservation Challenges

In April 2019, Notre Dame suffered a devastating fire that severely damaged its roof and spire. The incident spurred an international outpouring of support for its restoration. While restoration efforts are underway, they face challenges, including sourcing appropriate materials, preserving historical authenticity, and ensuring structural stability. Experts and artisans are meticulously working to recreate and restore the intricate details that make Notre Dame a cultural treasure.

Cultural and Touristic Importance

Beyond its religious significance, Notre Dame is a significant cultural and touristic landmark. Millions of visitors from around the world have marveled at its grandeur and historical importance. It has also inspired numerous works of art, literature, and cinema, becoming a symbol of human ingenuity and artistic achievement.

Questions

1. What is the main topic of the passage?
   A) The history of Paris
   B) The architecture of Notre Dame
   C) French literature
   D) Medieval European kings

2. When did the construction of Notre Dame begin?
   A) 1066
   B) 1163
   C) 1265
   D) 1367

3. What architectural style influenced the construction of Notre Dame?
   A) Baroque
   B) Romanesque
   C) Gothic
   D) Renaissance

4. What do the rose windows in Notre Dame depict?
   A) Random patterns
   B) Biblical stories
   C) Abstract art
   D) Historical events

5. What challenge do restoration efforts face?
   A) Finding enough volunteers
   B) Raising funds
   C) Preserving historical authenticity
   D) Choosing a new architectural style

6. In what year did the devastating fire at Notre Dame occur?
   A) 2018
   B) 2019
   C) 2020
   D) 2021

7. What purpose did Notre Dame serve in medieval Paris?
   A) Only as a religious center
   B) Solely as a political hub
   C) As a center of religious, cultural, and political life
   D) Primarily as a market area

8. Which artistic feature is NOT mentioned in the passage?
   A) Spacious interior
   B) Spherical domes
   C) Soaring spires
   D) Stained glass windows

9. What does Notre Dame symbolize beyond its religious significance?
   A) A center for political debates
   B) A representation of human creativity and achievement
   C) A place for international summits
   D) A hub for scientific research

Answers and Explanations