Summary from Native camp daily news 

Americans adopted the tipping system from Europe after the domestic war. 

Tipping supplemented lower wages and affected racism for Black porters.

The opposition to gratuity was prevailed, however,  it became part of American law. 

Tipping stems from fear of judgment to seek special treatment, and racism and sexism affect tip amounts.

Restaurants must consider alternatives, such as service charges and higher menu prices. 
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