歌って絵を描くTOEFL講師の水月むつみです。

海外留学したい人のために、TOEFLのスコアアップの英語術や留学について書いています。

TOEFLのリーディングではアカデミックな話題の文章が出ます。

以前に、”ARCHITECTURE(建築)”というタイトルの文章の第一、第二、第三パラグラフの意味の解説をしました。

第一パラグラフと第二パラグラフで言われていたのは、建築はアートとサイエンスがひとセットになったもので、人の生活に最も直接的に影響するということ。そして、第三パラグラフでは、建築に必要な「支え」の方法は物理法則に基づいているので、建築材料が変わってもずっとほとんど変わっていないということが書かれていました。

その続きが第４パラグラフで、前半をこちら↓で解説しました。

　　前半で言われていたのは、建築の発展はテクノロジーの変化の結果であるということと、その具体例。後半もその続きです。

               Every development in architecture has been the result of major technological changes. Materials and methods of construction are integral parts of the design of architectural structures. In earlier times it was necessary to design structural systems suitable for the metarials that were available, such as wood, stone, or brick. Today technology has progressed to the point where it is possible to invent new building materials to suit the type of structure desired. Enormous changes in materials and techniques of construction within the last few generations have made it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and with a minimun of material. Progress in this area can be measured by the difference in weight between buildings built now and those of comparable size built one hundred years ago.

問題はこちら↓

6.The word "integral" is closest in meaning to

essential
variable
practical
independent

7.According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true about materials used in the construction of buildings?

Because new building materials are hard to find, construction techniques have changed very little from past generations.

The availability of suitable building  materials no longer limits the types of structures that may be built.

The primary building materials that are available today are wood, stone, and brick.

Architects in earlier times did not have enough building materials to enclose large spaces.

8.In paragraph 4, what does the author imply about modern buildings?

They occupy much less space than buildings constructed one hundered years ago.

They  are not very different from the buildings of a few generations ago.

They weigh less in relation to their size than buildings constructed one hundered years ago.

They take a long time to build as a result of their complex construction methods.

解説は音声でしたほうが分かりやすいと思うので、以下のメモを見ながら、こちら↓をお聞きください。

単語：
integral 欠かせない
enormous　巨大な
measure　測る
comparable　比較できる、同等の
variable　変数、変わりやすい
independent　独立した
no longer ~ もはや～ない
occupy　占める
weigh　重さが～である、重さを量る

☆every の使い方
Every student must read this book.
         単数形

☆it is necessary to ~
it is possible to ~
     make it possible to ~

☆where の使い方＝前置詞＋which

　I went to the station where you can play street piano.

　I went to the station at which you can play street piano.
                               ↑
                       you can play street piano at the station

☆last 最後の、この前の
　　last week 先週
　　last month 先月

☆make の使い方
Enormous changes … have made it possible
   make O C →　OをCにする

She makes me happy.（彼女は私を幸せにする）
She makes me smile.（彼女は私を笑顔にする）

make it possible （それを可能にする）

Enormous changes … have made it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and with a minimun of material.
　　→ it = to enclose space with much greater ease … material.

☆between A and B：AとBの間で、AとBの間の

between buildings built now
and those of comparable size built one hundred years ago

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