今日の英語ニュース☆2023.07.06☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour July 5, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルに多くの語句の説明(今日は２０件くらい)があります
[00:00] 今日の番組内容
[02:35]★今日のおすすめ★ ルイジアナの連邦裁判所判断／憲法で保障されている言論について、バイデン政権職員がソーシャルメディア企業と連絡を取ることを禁止／ルイジアナ州法務長官のLiz Murrillに聞く／そのあと、シカゴ大学法科大学院(University of Chicago Law School)教授のGenevieve Lakierに別の見方を聞く／控訴必至
[03:26] He said -- quote -- "It can't be that the government violates the First Amendment simply by engaging with the platforms about their content moderation [** content moderation = on Internet websites that invite users to post comments, content moderation is the process of detecting contributions that are irrelevant, obscene, illegal, harmful, or insulting (wikipedia) ] . If that's what the court is saying here, it's a pretty radical proposition that isn't supported by case law [** = 判例法 ] ."
[04:47] I know there are some exceptions in this ruling, right, where the judge did say the government can flag [** = to signal or warn with or as if with a flag ] content about national security threats, foreign attempts to influence elections.
[06:27] LIZ MURRILL: You know, we have established jurisprudence [** = (law) case law, or the body of case law regarding a certain subject (wiktionary) ] on what is protected speech and what's not.
[07:42] The companies, these platforms enjoy a kind of protection that newspapers and radio and television stations do not. They are granted immunity under Section 230 [** = Section 230 ... generally provides immunity for online computer services with respect to third-party content generated by its users. At its core, Section 230(c)(1) provides immunity from liability for providers and users of an "interactive computer service" who publish information provided by third-party users ... (wiktionary) ] .
[09:18] This is a very ambitious case that has a lot of different parts. And they went through discovery [** discovery = a pre-trial phase in which evidence is gathered (wiktionary); The compulsory disclosure to the opposing party of factual information or documents relevant to a lawsuit prior to trial (thefreedictionary). 開示:公判前に,当事者が互いに手持ちの証拠(書類)または事実を示す手続き(ランダムハウス) ] , which means that they could get some e-mails and a lot of information about what's actually happening. What they've found is lots of contact, communication between government officials and the platforms about misinformation and disinformation of various kinds, information -- speech that's dissuading people from taking vaccines, speech of that kind, speech that the government, for, I think, understandable reasons, thinks is harmful.
[13:57] 今日のその他の主要ニュース
[17:46]★今日のおすすめ★ フィラデルフィア 独立記念日前夜の銃乱射事件／フィラデルフィア地区検事長のLarry Krasnerに聞く
[18:26] LARRY KRASNER, Philadelphia District Attorney: Well, the city has tried and will continue to try to go after gun manufacturers. That has been almost impossible. I think the opportunity here is, because we're talking about parts manufacturers, the parts being used for ghost guns [** ghost gun = a gun without serial numbers that cannot be easily tracked, especially a home-made gun built with non-registered, partially finished or 3D printed components ] . Ghost guns are usually about 80 percent plastic, about 20 percent metal. And they represent a giant loophole in both federal and state law. Basically, what people do is, they buy two different sets of parts. And then they go into basement, put them together. The minute they're assembled in the basement, it's a crime.
[19:15] But there are guns that are not serialized [** to serialize = シリアルナンバーを付ける ] , for which there are no records. So people wanting to commit a mass shooting or commit a bank robbery or otherwise harm people and commit crimes are drawn to ghost guns.
[20:00] We know the city of Philadelphia has tried in the past to pass its own local gun safety laws and been thwarted by the state. It would take state legislators changing the so-called preemption law [** preemption = In the United States, preemption is a legal doctrine that allows upper levels of government to restrict or even prevent a lower-level government from self-regulating. While it is often thought of in the context of the federal government preventing state regulation, preemption is increasingly used as a tool by states to limit cities, counties, and other lower-level municipalities from legislating across a broad array of issues. https://lawatlas.org/datasets/preemption-project ] , right, for Philadelphia and other municipalities to be able to do that. Do you see that kind of reform happening at the state level?
[20:33] But it is going to be a challenge to get Republicans, whose identity seems to be so wrapped up in [** wrapped up in someone or something = concerned or obsessed with someone or something (thefreedictionary) ] eliminating choice and making sure that every born child has a gun to tuck into their diaper -- it would be a little hard to get them to take a more reasonable stand.
[20:57] This is an individual who had a conviction from a case that originated in 2003. I think a red flag law [** red flag law = a gun control law permitting police or family members to petition a state court to order the temporary removal of firearms from a person who may present a danger to others or themselves (wiktionary) ] , because we know that there's a significant history of mental health, although we don't have all the details, that there was bizarre behavior in advance of this mass shooting.
[23:58] ヨルダン川西岸の暴力／Jeninのパレスチナ難民キャンプを今日訪れたLeila Molana-Allen記者に聞く
[29:09]★今日のおすすめ★ 岐路に立つアメリカ：分断の原因と解決策を探るシリーズの第１０回／民主党・共和党の有権者と考える 党派による分断を埋めるには
シリーズ 第１回 第２回 第３回 第４回
第５回 第６回 第７回 第８回
第９回
[33:31] MARK NIEBERDING: Are we really divided? I mean, I'm just not sure how much is being fed to us through the media. It's furthering confirmation bias [** = confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values... (wikipedia) ] , I think, is the problem.
[42:40] 連邦最高裁判決／Habeas corpus(人身保護)に基づく再審請求は一度だけ／Northeastern University法科大学院教授Daniel Medwedに聞く／有罪か無罪かの正確さより決着を優先
[43:53] DANIEL MEDWED, Northeastern University: I think, as Justice Jackson said in her dissent, in a sense, this slams the door on people trying to raise claims of legal innocence, that the evidence can [** can'tの間違いか？] prove their guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, after they have already filed one of their federal habeas petitions.
[45:42] JOHN YANG: They also in this decision -- actually, Clarence Thomas, who wrote the majority decision, said that the Congress has chosen finality [** = 決着] over error correction.
[47:25] Second, even with out [** even with の間違いか？] scientific evidence, it's incredibly hard to reverse a conviction, because, after a conviction, the presumption of innocence disappears, a presumption of guilt takes hold, and all of the procedures are stacked in favor of reinforcing and supporting that finding of guilt. It is so hard not only to find new evidence, but, once you found it, you have to overcome an array of procedural obstacles just to get into court.
[48:10] 全米一の急成長都市圏テキサス州オースティン／急成長がもたらした音楽シーンへの影響をリポート
[54:30] BOB MANN: I would see stickers when I lived in Austin of, like, "Don't Dallas My Austin" [** 私の街オースティンをダラスのようにするな。ダラス化するな ] kind of vibes, and so I could see that being a thing here with "Don't Austin My Elgin."
(LAUGHTER)
BOB MANN: But I just want to Austin it just a little bit, just...
LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: Or the way -- the way Austin used to be.
BOB MANN: Yes. Yes, I would love to see Elgin kind of be an Austin of the 1970s, kind of a real cultural melting pot.
■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）
■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）
■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）
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