PBS NewsHour June 1, 2023

このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。　こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。

使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。

しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。

そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。

また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。

それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！

■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード　

• [PBS NewsHour June 1, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
  （この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）

• 字幕ファイルの使い方

• 字幕ファイルを自分で作る

• 続けるコツ

• 再生速度の変更方法

■ 動画サイトへのリンク

・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルに多くの語句の説明(今日は３０件くらい)があります

[00:00]　今日の番組内容

[02:46]★今日のおすすめ★　債務上限引き上げ法案　314対117で下院通過　デフォルト期限内に上院が可決できるか　間に合う公算大　リポートのあと議会担当記者に聞く

[05:41] LISA DESJARDINS: The bill needs at least 60 Senate votes [** filibuster(長い演説による議事妨害)を終わらせる(cloture)には、上院の半数の50ではなく60票が必要 ] , and appears to have it.

[07:35] We have been spending so much time on the nitty-gritty [** = specific practical details ] , the votes, the details, the dollars, but I think there are some really important moments here.

[09:26] They feel a lot of the different changes in here have many out clauses [** get-out clauseのことか。get-out clause = escape clause = Any clause, term or condition in a contract or statute that avoids the application of a provision. 例外規定。免責条項 ] and waivers [* = something that releases a person from a requirement; a dispensation, as from a rule or penalty. 免除 ] that they think the government can get around.

[09:57]　今日のその他の主要ニュース

[12:55] The company and the NSA had no immediate response. Back in this country, a federal policy protecting hundreds of thousands of people from deportation went back before a federal judge in Houston today. The DACA [** = Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Childhood_Arrivals
DACAの対象者のことをdreamerという
https://note.com/wgc888/n/n2984aa9a9a6a#daddf4b2-7580-47fb-bb82-3ec470e2bb0e  ] program currently covers nearly 600,000 immigrants brought here as children.

[14:18]★今日のおすすめ★　司法省のトランプ捜査に新たな展開　２０２１年の音声録音でトランプが国防省機密文書所持を認める発言　Oona Hathaway(エール大学法科大学院教授、元国防省特別顧問)に聞く

[16:06] OONA HATHAWAY: Yes, so the Espionage Act covers a range of activities with regard to classified information. So, the particular provision that he might be charged with provides [** to provide = to stipulate. 規定する] that, if somebody doesn't have lawful access to a classified document, which somebody who is out of office, like even a former president, doesn't have lawful access to the document, if they retain, prevent the government from having access to and continue to hold classified documents, even if they don't intend to transmit them, so just knowingly holding on to these documents is a violation of the Espionage Act.

[20:03] I mean, there have been lots of people who have gone to jail for much less. Reality Winner [** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_Winner ] , who recently was released from prison, went to jail for retaining a single document and transmitting it to a -- to The Intercept.

[21:04]　２０２４年大統領選の共和党候補者　予備選早期実施州で活動強化　リポートのあと早期実施州のジャーナリスト２人に聞く(Radio IowaのKay HendersonとSouth Carolina ETVのGavin Jackson)

[23:11] AMNA NAWAZ: With half-a-dozen candidates already in the race, other contenders are hoping to catch fire [** to catch fire = to become very popular ] with voters in the critical early nominating states, whether it's former Governor Nikki Haley answering questions about abortion in the Granite State.

[26:34] They're waiting to see this field gel [** to gel = to take shape or become clear ] .

[27:05] He [* = Tim Scott ] had a big kickoff in North Charleston, but then he went to Iowa, had one town hall [* = town hall meeting. 住民と政治家の対話集会 ] , handled it pretty well, had about 200, 300 people there, had a roundtable [* = 比較的少人数で意見交換や討論をする集まり with some educators as well, and then went to New Hampshire, and had a small meet-and-greet [** = a social gathering primarily for purposes of networking (wiktionary) ] with some New Hampshire Republican women.

[31:24] But Tim Scott has plenty of money to get his name out there on the airwaves right now with, I think, a $6 million ad buy from his campaign, and then his super PAC [** = type of political action committee that is legally permitted to raise and spend larger amounts of money than the amounts allowed for a conventional PAC...
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/super PAC 
see also:   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_action_committee#Super_PACs ] also throwing about $7 million into some advertising as well.

[32:13]　混乱が続くパキスタン　イムラン・カーン前(Imran Khan)首相へのインタビュー

[38:57] But all we -- I want the U.S. to say is what their professed values are all over the world, where they -- where they say, we stand with democracy, rule of law, constitutionalism, fundamental rights, against custodial torture [** = custodial torture is the infliction of physical or mental pain or suffering on a person who is in the custody of the police or other authorities. https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/custodial-torture ] . That's all we want them to say.

[39:53] So, will they keep on, on this course of trying to crush a popular political party, or will they sit down and work out on some sort of settlement? I think, at some point, sense will prevail. I'm an optimistic, and I think then we would come to some sort of an understanding [** = a mutual agreement not formally entered into but in some degree binding on each side (Merriam-Webster) ] .

[40:28]★今日のおすすめ★　数キロに及ぶ貨物列車の連結　停車で沿線住民の生活に支障　この問題を報道したInvestigate TVのJoce Stermanに聞く

[43:47] WILLIAM BRANGHAM: This issue of blocking first responders, tease that out [** to tease out = to resolve the intricacy, complexity, or obscurity of; unravel ] a little bit more. What happens in those cases?

[44:07] Just in Hammond alone, they have stationed their fire stations and their ambulance response compensating for this [** この問題(緊急車両が停車中の貨物列車で踏切を通れない問題)が発生しても対応出来るように、消防署や救急車を配置している、という意味 ] , knowing that it's a problem.

[46:38] And there's going to be grants given out by the Department of Transportation, to the tune of hundreds of millions of dollars, to just try to get rid of these at-grade crossings [** = (立体交差ではなく)平面交差の踏切 ] altogether.

[47:26]　カセットテープの復活

[48:50] While her music may be experimental, cassettes couldn't be more old-school. They became popular in the '70s and '80s, an alternative to vinyl [** = a phonograph record. レコード ] .

[49:04] But the emergence of digitized music and streaming services has eclipsed them all. Yet cassette tapes are having a moment [** to have a moment = to reach a high level of popularity (during a specific time) ] .

■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）

■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）

■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）