PBS NewsHour June 19, 2023

このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。　こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。

使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。

しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。

そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。

また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。

それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！

■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード　

• [PBS NewsHour June 19, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
  （この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）

• 字幕ファイルの使い方

• 字幕ファイルを自分で作る

• 続けるコツ

• 再生速度の変更方法

■ 動画サイトへのリンク

・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルに多くの語句の説明(今日は２５件くらい)があります

[00:00]　今日の番組内容

[02:40]　今日の主要ニュース

[02:52] AMNA NAWAZ: Canadian officials say the vessel was reported overdue [** overdue = past the time specified for arrival. (この文脈では)帰還予定時刻を過ぎた] Sunday in the North Atlantic. It disappeared 435 miles south of St. John's, Newfoundland, near where the Titanic went down in 1912 after hitting an iceberg.

[07:24]★今日のおすすめ★　訪中を終えたブリンケン国務長官　関係修復への道筋は見えたのか／リポートのあと２人の専門家(Brookings InstitutionのRyan HassとHudson InstituteのMiles Yu)に聞く　

[09:15] AMNA NAWAZ: A potential point of conflict, Taiwan. China has ratcheted up its military activity around the island that it claims as a breakaway province, while the U.S. has upheld a policy of strategic ambiguity [** = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy_of_deliberate_ambiguity 戦略的あいまいさ ] , committing to a One China policy, while also selling arms to the island.

[16:09] We -- this show again and again in 2001 EP-3 plane incident
[** = Hainan Island incident =
see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainan_Island_incident https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/海南島事件 ] .

[17:05] And so we have this window now over the next several months to see if we can shrink space for miscalculation, if we can establish a cooperative agenda that is based upon mutual self-interest, where we both take actions that are in parallel to each other that serve each of our respective interests. And, if so, the world will be a better place. But, if not, the United States is in a confident, strong position to get caught trying [** to get caught trying = しようとしていることがばれる、明るみに出る。(この文脈では)努力が失敗に終わったことが明らかになったとしても、それでも構わないくらい、アメリカの地位は確固たるものだ。 ] .

[18:05] For example, China always throw out this red herring [** = (from the practice of drawing a red herring across a trail to confuse hunting dogs) : something that distracts attention from the real issue (Merriam-Webster) ] called Taiwan independence. There is no Taiwan independence, because no political party in Taiwan is advocating for Taiwan independence. Taiwan maintain -- wants to have status quo. Status quo, in effect, is independence.

[18:54]　議会襲撃事件捜査　当初、司法省やFBI幹部がトランプ捜査に難色／ワシントンポスト紙(The Washington Post)のAaron C. Davisに聞く

[19:10] It took nearly a year after the Capitol attack for a DOJ inquiry to begin, and the FBI only opened its investigation into the fake electors plot [** see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot] in April 2022.

[21:37] And very early on, even before Garland came in, there was an attempt to investigate Trump's orbit [** orbit = a sphere of influence ] .

[23:19] And then, when they finally got and arrested, like, Stewart Rhodes and Oath Keepers in January, they realized these folks were not going to turn or be able to flip [** to flip = to agree to testify against one's co-conspirators in exchange for concessions from prosecutors. (wiktionary)] on someone.

[24:07] They're also -- you can't deny that there was a lot of pressure put on DOJ by the House Select Committee and what they were turning up, by the wave of opprobrium [** = reproach or censure ] from critics around the country.

[26:04]　タイタニック号見学ツアーの潜水艇が行方不明／捜索活動についてNational Geographic誌のKristin Romeyに聞く

[26:18] And as we learn more, Kristin, about this search-and-rescue effort, help us understand first the difference between a submersible and a submarine and what these vessels are typically used for.
KRISTIN ROMEY, National Geographic: Right.  [** = submersibleとsubmarineの違い ] A submersible can't power by itself, unlike a submarine, which could leave port, steam out to where it needs to go and come back. A submersible is reliant upon a mother ship. And, currently, that mother ship is some 900 miles, nautical miles east of Cape Cod.

[28:26] GEOFF BENNETT: Help us understand the increase in the numbers of people who have been going on these extreme, dangerous excursions post-pandemic. KRISTIN ROMEY: Well, I mean, it began before the pandemic, but it's a combination of technology and people who have the money to kind of create -- create these bucket lists [** = a list of things to accomplish before one's death. 死ぬ前にやりたいことのリスト < to kick the bucket = to die < A person standing on a pail or bucket with their head in a slip noose would kick the bucket so as to commit suicide ] and achieve them.

[30:25]　ギリシャ沖の移民船沈没５００人溺死／Independent Television NewsのJohn Irvineがリポート

[32:03] When the trawler was abandoned, it was every man for himself [** = used to describe a situation in which people do not help each other and each person has to take care of himself or herself ] . Women and children were not even last, let alone first. They were not at all.

[33:37]　月曜恒例：２人の政治アナリストと今週の動きを占う

[42:45]★今日のおすすめ★　モンタナ州の若者のグループ　州議会の気候変動対策は不十分として提訴／その根拠になった州憲法の条項とは

[44:53] CLAIRE VLASES: [** 訴訟の根拠になった州憲法の条項] One reason why I love Montana is because, in our Constitution, it says that every person here has a right to a clean and healthful environment, which isn't in almost all the constitutions in the United States.
WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Right. That is pretty rare.
CLAIRE VLASES: Mm-hmm. That's not a political issue here in Montana. We all are here because of the land. And we have a right to protect that. And so, as I have learned about climate change, and I have seen what our lawmakers have done promoting fossil fuel industries, I have realized that that is unconstitutional acts.

[45:27] WILLIAM BRANGHAM: [** その条項がなぜ州憲法に盛り込まれたか ] Montana's Constitution has this unusual clause because, back in the 1970s, some citizen conservationists who were concerned with mining and clear-cutting [* = the removal of all the trees in an area of forest ] wanted to enshrine a more overt environmental protection right near the top of their Constitution. Sandra Zellmer, who teaches and researches environmental law at the University of Montana's law school, says these young plaintiffs are testing the strength of that protection.

[49:48]★今日のおすすめ★　ジューンティーンス(奴隷制度の終わりを祝う日)の法定休日化の貢献者Opal Lee

[50:42] GEOFF BENNETT: [** ６月１９日がJuneteenthという法定休日になった経緯 ] Juneteenth commemorates the end of slavery in the U.S. Even though President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, Texas enslavers deliberately withheld the news. On June 19, 1865, Union General Gordon Granger led some 2,000 Union troops, many of whom were Black, into Galveston Bay, where they announced that the more than 250,000 enslaved Black people in the state were free by executive decree. The day came to be known as Juneteenth, a combination of June and 19th.

[52:25] GEOFF BENNETT: [** ６月１９日がJuneteenthという法定休日になった経緯 ] In June of 2021, President Joe Biden signed a bill to recognize Juneteenth as a federal holiday and acknowledged Opal Lee's singular mission.
JOE BIDEN: She's walked for miles and miles, literally and figuratively, to bring attention to Juneteenth, to make this day possible. I ask once again we all stand and give her a warm welcome to the White House.

■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）

■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）

■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）