PBS NewsHour Sept. 1, 2023

このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。　こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。

使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。

しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。

そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。

また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。

それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！

■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード　

• [PBS NewsHour Sept. 1, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
  （この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）

• ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。

• 字幕ファイルの使い方

• 字幕ファイルを自分で作る

• 続けるコツ

• 再生速度の変更方法

■ 動画サイトへのリンク

・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です

[00:00]　Introduction

[02:12]★今日のおすすめ★　What the latest jobs report signals for American workers

[04:46] If you think about a few years ago, there were lots of concerns about the so-called she-cession [** she-cession ( shecession)とは何か、このあと説明が続きますが、以前の番組内でも説明がありました ] disproportionately hurting working women, particularly working moms, throwing working women basically back a generation because of the disruptions in childcare, disruptions in schooling that had taken many of them out of the work force or out of their existing jobs. That has not materialized. If anything, women are doing better than ever, at least in terms of their participation rates in the labor force and their ability to hold down a job. So, women are basically kicking butt [** to kick butt = to be very successful; to be impressive ] in this economy.

[06:29] Americans have spent down there extra savings, or a large part of their extra savings that they accumulated during the pandemic, both as a result of forced saving, essentially, not traveling and not going out and dining out and things like that, and also a lot of those fiscal policies, those various government transfers that had helped people amass more savings. They have spent a lot of that down, both because time has passed and because prices have been high, et cetera.
[** government transfer = transfer payment = In macroeconomics and finance, a transfer payment (also called a government transfer or simply fiscal transfer) is a redistribution of income and wealth by means of the government making a payment, without goods or services being received in return... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_payment (政府からの)給付金、無償給付 ]

[07:12] I mean, the whole point of those rate hikes was to tighten financial conditions and to make it harder for people to borrow and make it less likely that they would spend money. That's a feature, not a bug, of all of that.
[** a feature not a bug = “A feature, not a bug” describes something that seems like a flaw, but is in fact intentional (plainenglish.com). 以前の番組にも出てきました ]

[07:51]　News Wrap

[10:11] [** 関東大震災から１００年。日本で地震防災訓練が行われたニュース ] Japan held nationwide earthquake drills today, marking 100 years since its deadliest quake ever. The drills simulated a major tremor striking Central Tokyo. Prime Minister Fumio Kishida and his Cabinet wore matching [* matching = having the same appearance, design, etc ] uniforms as they walked into his office for an emergency response meeting. Officials said that the Great Kanto quake of 1923 showed the potential for catastrophe. It triggered an inferno and killed more than 140,000 people.

[11:55]★今日のおすすめ★　Families face difficult decisions as Texas ban on youth gender-affirming care takes effect

[14:09] JOHN YANG: You have been tracking a young transgender girl in the Austin, Texas, area and her family. How are they reacting to this?
LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: A few months ago, I traveled to Texas to speak to Leah, Mary and John, who -- Leah is a 12-year-old transgender girl in the Austin Texas area. And I spoke to them today about what they're feeling right now in the aftermath of this law taking effect.
[** 関連ニュース ]

[17:04] LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: Well, the president, John, has not called the family. But, today, the president did direct his senior adviser for public engagement and a liaison to the LGBT community, Hannah Bristol, to call the family. And she called them.
[** Public engagement or public participation is a term that has recently been used to describe "the practice of involving members of the public in the agenda-setting, decision-making, and policy-forming activities of organizations/institutions responsible for policy development." It is focused on the participatory actions of the public to aid in policy making based in their values...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_engagement ]

[18:48] Now, I spoke to a lawyer with Lambda Legal today who has been fighting on behalf of these families who have transgender children in courthouses across the country.
[** The Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, better known as Lambda Legal, is an American civil rights organization that focuses on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities as well as people living with HIV/AIDS (PWAs) through impact litigation, societal education, and public policy work... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_Legal ]

[19:30]　After slow start to counteroffensive, Ukrainian forces make notable gains against Russia

[24:45] At the National Training Center in the Mojave Desert in California, where we train our mechanized forces, when American units attempt this task, they typically fail perhaps nine out of 10 times and have to do it over and over again to attain proficiency.
[** < Mechanized infantry are infantry units equipped with armored personnel carriers (APCs) or infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) for transport and combat... As defined by the United States Army, mechanized infantry is distinguished from motorized infantry in that its vehicles provide a degree of armor protection and armament for use in combat, whereas motorized infantry are provided with "soft-skinned" wheeled vehicles for transportation only. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanized_infantry ]

[25:04] It's especially tough for the Ukrainians, because they don't have all the assets they need. They have insufficient mine-clearing and obstacle-clearing materials, typically manned by combat engineers. And they also don't enjoy much air support, because the Russians still have heavy air defenses, and, actually, along the line of contact, dominate the air scene. So, they're playing with some very significant disadvantages.
[** line of contact = The demarcation between two or more given armies (wiktionary)]

[27:32]　Can a longer school year help students recover from pandemic learning loss?

[36:47] KIMORA ARRINGTON: I can help students to count and do place value blocks and put them in college, and they could grow up to get their own house, their own car.
[** place value blocks = この動画が分かりやすいと思います https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVhQY173Yyo ]

[37:21]　Long-standing health and safety issues plague Atlanta jail where Trump was booked

[43:34]★今日のおすすめ★　Brooks and Capehart on the politics surrounding Trump's trial date

[46:27] JOHN YANG: There's another legal argument that's floating around. Some conservative legal scholars are writing that the 14th Amendment, the Civil War language in the 14th Amendment should bar Donald Trump from being president again. And it's actually being tested in court. One of the GOP Republican candidates, longshot candidates, is filing suit to test this.
[** 関連ニュース ]

[48:30] JOHN YANG: This week, we also had what's becoming, unfortunately, fairly routine. We had two shootings, one at the University of North Carolina. The student newspaper at UNC had their front page filled with text messages and other things, messages sent between the students. It really showed the visceral fear that these students were feeling.
[** 関連ニュース ]

[49:06] I confess I was thinking about it today. Like, I think about what we could do to ward off these shootings, the gun control, the red flags.
[** < red flag law = a gun control law permitting police or family members to petition a state court to order the temporary removal of firearms from a person who may present a danger to others or themselves (wiktionary) ]

[50:24] JOHN YANG: There was also another shooting in Jacksonville over the -- over last weekend, where someone who clearly left a lot of writings about his hatred for Black Americans, for Black people killed three people.
[** 関連ニュース ]

■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）

■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）

■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）

■ セサミストリートで英語を楽しむ