今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.23☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 22, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:25]★今日のおすすめ★ Fighting between Israel and Hamas continues in Gaza ahead of pause for release of hostages
イスラエルとハマスの戦い47日目／ 06:57～ 国家安全保障会議のジョン・カービー戦略広報調整官に聞く／一時停戦、人質交換、救援物資搬入の具体的手順
After more than six weeks of heavy fighting, a pause in the battle between Israel and Hamas in Gaza is expected to start soon. That's after the Israeli government approved a deal that includes the release of at least 50 hostages held by Hamas. Nick Schifrin reports and Geoff Bennett discusses the Biden administration's role in negotiations with National Security Council spokesman John Kirby.
《Hamas promises to release a dozen women and children every day for four to five days for a total of 50. And for each additional 10 women and children that Hamas releases, Israel would hold fire for an additional day. Israel promises to release about 35 Palestinians currently in detention every day for 150 total; Jewish saying, saving one life is like saving an entire world; The deal will also allow 300 humanitarian aid trucks to enter Gaza each day, more than three times the current limit; ●06:57～ ; National Security Council spokesman John Kirby; We know that there are three Americans that we expect to be in this installment of 50, the whole group of 50; sometime over the next 24 hours or so, hopefully sooner than that, we will start to see the first hostages move; Before the war started, about 500 trucks a day were going into Gaza, not all through Rafah, but about 500 trucks... We think that this deal, if it's implemented by all sides, we could get several hundred trucks in over the course of the next few days; 》
[09:55] JOHN KIRBY: Well, the pause could be extended in accordance with those parameters that Israel laid out. I don't know that we could say indefinitely, but, certainly, if Hamas is willing to release more hostages, it certainly would appear that Israel would be willing to keep the pause in place.
[** parameter = A factor that restricts what is possible or what results; any constant or limiting factor; limits or boundaries; guideline (thefreedictionary)]
[11:45] GEOFF BENNETT: Are there concerns that Hamas will use this pause in fighting to regroup and to reorient for the potential fight to come?
JOHN KIRBY: That's always a concern. When you're dealing with a terrorist group like this, any pause in the fighting could allow them to regroup, refit, retrain, resource their troops. That's always going to be a concern.
[** to reorient = to adjust or align in a new or different way ]
[** to resource = to source anew // to source = to procure ]
[12:25] That's one of the reasons why, quite frankly, we're not in favor of a permanent cease-fire, because that does benefit Hamas to a fare-thee-well, to allow them additional time and breathing space to prepare and plan for other attacks.
[** to a fare-thee-well = to the utmost degree ]
[14:18] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
A vehicle exploded on the U.S. side of the border with Canada in Niagara Falls killing two people and disrupting cross-border travel, the U.S. military carried out new air attacks in Iraq targeting an Iranian-backed militia and the Dutch populist Geert Wilders appears headed for an election win in the latest far-right victory across Europe.
《North Korea reportedly fired a ballistic missile into the sea today, but South Korea said the test ended in failure. It came a day after the North launched its first spy satellite with leader Kim Jong-un looking on; Republicans held on to a U.S. House seat in Utah in a special election Tuesday. Celeste Maloy claimed victory last night and will be the first woman in Utah's congressional delegation since 2019. She succeeds Congressman Chris Stewart, who resigned after 10 years in the House to care for his ailing wife; today marks 60 years since President John F. Kennedy was assassinated; 》
[18:37]★今日のおすすめ★ Why OpenAI reversed course and brought Sam Altman back as CEO
サム・アルトマン、OpenAIのCEOに復帰
Sam Altman is returning as the chief executive of OpenAI. The hot tech startup behind ChatGPT is not only bringing Altman back, it’s also overhauling the board that fired him, ending a dramatic five-day standoff that’s transfixed Silicon Valley and the artificial intelligence industry. Geoff Bennett discussed the latest with Mike Isaac of The New York Times.
[18:59] All right, Mike, so Sam Altman was ousted by the board on Friday. By Monday, Microsoft announced that they'd hired him, which is when we last spoke. [** その時の番組 ] And then, late yesterday, OpenAI says, actually, Sam Altman's coming back as chief executive. What is going on?
[21:57] There's the folks called accelerationists, [** accelerationistとは何かを説明している部分 ] which sounds very futuristic, but, essentially, their idea is push the tech forward as fast as possible so we can use it to help humans. And there are the folks who are essentially like, let's slow this down and keep it safer.
[23:05]★今日のおすすめ★ Report showing graphic aftermath of mass shootings raises questions about avoiding images
銃乱射事件、衝撃的な映像をメディアはどこまで見せるべきか
The Washington Post published images of the damage caused by AR-15-style weapons in a series called "Terror on Repeat." The report raised questions about whether the news media should show graphic images of the carnage it causes and does avoiding those images conceal the horror of that violence. William Brangham discussed that with Matea Gold. A warning: The images in this story are disturbing.
《Does avoiding those images conceal the horror of that violence, or does showing them cause further trauma to people who have already suffered so much?; there's a small group of Americans who have a unique window into the destruction caused by AR-15s. They are the victims, the family members, and first responders. And over and over again, we heard from them that what they saw was indescribable, that that was something that will affect them the rest of their lives. And it's something we realized that is sort of walled off from the public, in part because journalists don't have access to these crime scenes; 》
[25:21] The reaction we got to that piece prompted us to have further conversations, because many in the public actually said we should be going further, that we were actually sanitizing the impact on the body. And they wanted us to really question whether there was more we should be sharing with the public.
[** to sanitize = to make more acceptable by removing unpleasant or offensive features from ]
[26:47] Much of the -- many of the crime scene photos that are taken by law enforcement officials are kept private, in part because of new laws passed in the wake of the Newtown shooting. And so, really, what the public usually sees are sort of the iconic images of the crime scene tape and then the memorials.
[** iconic = symbolic ]
[30:52] MATEA GOLD: I think, if we are going to wrestle with this issue as a country, and it's important for everyone to have sort of a shared sense of what we are talking about, our goal is just to present information, to present clear, powerful journalism that helps people understand the challenges that we face as a nation. And that was really what we saw as our through line through this.
[** through-line = a common or consistent element or theme shared by items in a series or by parts of a whole （Merriam-Webster）. 一貫して共通している点 ]
[31:42]★今日のおすすめ★ More American families rely on food banks as high prices squeeze budgets
食品価格の高騰に苦しむ人が増加
There's been some good news of late when it comes to inflation. Data from the federal government last week showed inflation eased through October. And according to the Farm Bureau, the average cost of a Thanksgiving dinner actually decreased slightly this year. But as special correspondent Fred de Sam Lazaro reports, stubbornly high food prices are still squeezing families this holiday season.
《"Before the pandemic, we were serving about 420 families a week on average, and we're now serving more than 4,000"; Across Minnesota, visits to food pantries, also known as food shelves, have skyrocketed from about 3.6 million in 2021 to more than 5.5 million last year. And that number is expected to reach seven million this year; It's just not an emergency food system anymore. It started out to be that. But now it is the way many, many families make it through the month; inflation driving up the cost of food coupled with the rollback of federal benefits like SNAP, once known as food stamps, which were temporarily increased during COVID; An estimated 14.6 percent of New York City residents experienced food insecurity in 2022. Nationwide, the figure is almost 13 percent, which is up from just over 10 percent in 2021; 》
[32:05] FRED DE SAM LAZARO: More than an hour before it opens, the line starts to grow outside Today's Harvest in the St. Paul suburb of Oakdale. Some have used the food pantry for years. Others are visiting for the first time. All are welcome, no questions asked, which, in a still challenging economy, means demand has gone through the roof.
[** food pantry = a usually non-profit organization that collects donated food and distributes it to people in need (Merriam-Webster) //
food bankとの違い see: https://nwpafoodbank.org/get-educated/food-bank-vs-food-pantry/ ]
[32:51] JESSICA FRANCIS: We have faith every day that it's going to work out and that we're going to have enough food for everybody that's going to come through our door today. And, every day, it does. But there are days, probably, that -- where we stretch that faith a little bit.
[** to stretch one's faith = 信条を曲げる ]
[33:43] FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Across Minnesota, visits to food pantries, also known as food shelves, [** = food pantryの別の言い方 ] have skyrocketed from about 3.6 million in 2021 to more than 5.5 million last year. And that number is expected to reach seven million this year.
[34:08] FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Colleen Moriarty leads the St. Paul nonprofit Hunger Solutions. She points to inflation driving up the cost of food coupled with the rollback of federal benefits like SNAP, once known as food stamps, which were temporarily increased during COVID.
[** rollback = a return to a prior state ]
[* SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ]
[37:07] 74-year-old Clarence Allen lives on a fixed income and has been coming here to stretch his budget since the onset of COVID.
[** to stretch one's budget = to be thrifty with what little money you have ]
[38:44] Columbia Univ. faces scrutiny for ignoring complaints about OB-GYN who abused patients
コロンビア大学病院の産婦人科医、２０年以上患者に性的暴行・わいせつ行為／大学は患者の訴えを無視
Columbia University apologized to thousands of women for allowing an OB-GYN to continue practicing unchecked after he sexually assaulted patients for over two decades. Dr. Robert Hadden was convicted and sentenced to 20 years in prison. But his conviction came years after patients repeatedly warned the university medical center about his behavior. Amna Nawaz discussed the case with Laura Beil.
《Dr. Robert Hadden was convicted in federal court last January and sentenced to 20 years in prison for enticing four patients to cross state lines, where he examined and assaulted them; He came to Columbia in the late 1980s as a resident and started practicing in 1990 as a member of the faculty. And from what we can tell, he started abusing women probably from the beginning; we're talking about someone who we now know was probably the most prolific sexual predator in New York history; 》
[46:54] A look inside the National Museum of Women in the Arts after its major renovation
女性アーティストの美術館、新装開館
In leading museums these days, women artists are gaining more prominence. But studies of acquisitions and overall exhibitions show just how much the gender gap remains. The National Museum of Women in the Arts is solely dedicated to the creativity and work of women and recently reopened after an extensive renovation. Jeffrey Brown visited for our arts and culture series, CANVAS.
《a recent survey of 31 U.S. museums showing that just 11 percent of acquisitions and about 15 percent of exhibitions between 2008 and 2020 were of work by women; 》
[51:25] I think there's this idea that women like to work or prefer to work or have a proclivity toward working on a smaller, more diminutive scale. We want to blow that idea out of the water with this kind of show.
[** to blow someone/something out of the water = to totally defeat someone/something; to thoroughly overwhelm someone/something ]
■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）
■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）
■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）
■ セサミストリートで英語を楽しむ
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