For a fifth day, Israel's military pushed into Gaza on the ground and reported its first soldiers killed in action there. From the skies, a punishing air campaign continued with a strike that killed many Palestinians. Hamas militants said they would release foreign hostages in the coming days, and some wounded Palestinians may soon be allowed into Egypt for treatment. Leila Molana-Allen reports.
《イスラエルとハマスの戦い２５日目; Israeli tanks line the border with Lebanon, trading fire with Hezbollah and other militant groups. Israel shot down drones and missiles launched from Yemen by Houthi militants. The Iranian-backed group said their attacks will continue until Israel stands down; ●ガザでの地上戦と周辺国への戦争拡大の可能性について軍事専門家に聞く; Frank McKenzie, former Commander of U.S. forces in the Middle East, retired general, now executive director of the Global and National Security Institute at the University of South Florida; underneath, there's a sewer system. Then, underneath that, there's a comprehensive tunnel system that Hamas has put in over many years of preparation for just this moment; I think we need to consider this in terms of months. I don't believe it'll be days. I don't believe it'll be weeks; We think of the hostages, the 200 or so hostages there, as shields. But, actually it's far more than that. The population of Gaza is actually a shield for Hamas; Hamas has chosen as a matter of policy to embed their organization into hospitals, into mosques, into schools, and into high-density population areas. That is a fundamental tactic of Hamas; The Pentagon's top special operations policy official said today that American commandos on the ground in Israel are helping locate the more than 200 hostages seized by Hamas on October 7; It's my personal judgment that Hezbollah doesn't really care about the suffering that's going on in Gaza, and that will not prompt them to enter. Hezbollah will enter if they see a strategic opportunity, and that would be if Israel gets heavily bogged down in Gaza, if there's political fractures in the Israeli government, if they sense the international political mood is such that they might be able to gain a strategic objectives. Hassan Nasrallah will make a very strategic, very cold-eyed calculation on that; I think it's far from certain that Hezbollah will come in; possibly the same thing for the Iranians, although I would note their continued attack against U.S. forces in Iraq and Syria is very concerning; ハサン・ナスルッラーフ》

Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas confirmed a rise in hate towards Arab Americans, Muslims and Jews in the wake of the Israel-Hamas war, the Biden Administration is deepening its crackdown on so-called junk fees by proposing new rules on retirement advisers and Afghan refugees are fleeing Pakistan ahead of a crackdown on migrants living there illegally.
《When you look at a group (= Jewish Americans) that makes up 2.4 percent, roughly, of the American population, it should be jarring to everyone that that same population accounts for something like 60 percent of all religious-based hate crimes. And so they need our help; The Senate also confirmed Jack Lew to be the next U.S. ambassador to Israel at a critical moment in the country's war with Hamas. Lew previously served as Treasury secretary under President Obama. The U.S. hasn't had a Senate-confirmed ambassador to Israel since July; Michigan's attorney general has ended prosecutions over Flint's tainted water without making any criminal convictions; In 2014, the city switched its water supply to the Flint River, but didn't properly treat the water for lead. Tens of thousands of Flint residents were exposed to dangerous levels of lead; A record 6.9 million people have been uprooted by the decades-long conflict in Congo... Most of those who've been displaced come from Congo's eastern provinces taken over by armed groups seeking natural resources; 》

The Supreme Court heard arguments in two key cases about how public officials use social media. The cases explore whether two school board members in California and a city manager in Michigan violated the First Amendment by blocking constituents from posting criticism on their personal social media pages. Geoff Bennett discussed the stakes with NewsHour Supreme Court analyst Marcia Coyle.
《連邦最高裁審理; 公職についている人が、自身のプライベートのSNSアカウントで、批判的なコメントをする人をブロックするのは言論の自由の侵害になるか; Marcia Coyle; The constituents in the cases believe these social media pages were actually operating as an extension of government work; the challenge here for the justices is to determine how can you know when a public official is speaking in his or her official capacity or personal capacity on their personal web pages; if it's in the official capacity, what we call a state actor, then the First Amendment kicks in. And that public official could be held liable for violating the rights of someone who may have been blocked; in the one case, there's James Freed. He's the city manager in Port Huron, Michigan. He has this personal Facebook page where he mostly posted about his family, but he also during the pandemic would post about COVID and other city-related matters. And he blocked from his Facebook page a man named Kevin Lindke after Lindke posted criticism of the ways in which Freed was handling the pandemic; during the three hours, there were lots of hypotheticals about what kind of posts on a social media page could constitute either private speech or official speech; the public officials really want a clearly defined, kind of rigid test that says, basically, if you are fulfilling a duty on your personal Web page, or you are demonstrating authority, then you are state action, and the First Amendment will apply; the individuals who are blocked, their lawyers were telling the court, no, that's too narrow a test. And we think you need a broader test. One lawyer described it as, are you doing your job test, which looks at the content of the page, the appearance of the page, and the function that the public official serves; ultimately, Justice Kagan sort of hit the nail on the head on what the justices were facing. She said, what makes these cases hard is that there are First Amendment interests on both sides; They have three more cases ( on social media ) that they're going to be looking at, probably hearing arguments in the new year; 》

Lewiston, Maine, is in mourning after last week’s shooting that killed 18 people. Along with the grief, there’s growing scrutiny about why law enforcement didn't find or stop Robert Card before the shooting. Friends, family and the Army Reserve all reported concerns about his behavior and access to guns months before the shooting. Laura Barron-Lopez discussed more with Margaret Groban.
《メイン州の銃乱射事件。多くの兆候があったのに、警察はなぜ防げなかったのか; 今後の改善点は; Robert Card容疑者; Margaret Groban, a retired federal prosecutor and law professor at University of Maine School of Law; under Maine's yellow flag law, the person has to be taken into protective custody in order for the procedure to start to then get a mental health assessment and then go to the judge, unlike in states, many states, that have red flag laws, where the family could go directly to the court and ask for an intervention or relinquishment of the firearm; So, they didn't find Mr. Card, so they couldn't take him into protective custody and get the procedure started. So I think a procedure that didn't require those steps would be beneficial for our state going forward; Absent the assault weapon, there would not have been a mass shooting. We do not have an assault weapon ban in Maine, and it was easy for him to obtain those weapons; In order to get the yellow flag laws, I said first law enforcement must be called. They must take a person into protective custody, which means putting them in the back of a patrol car, which can be an extremely difficult and dangerous situation for law enforcement. Then they have to get a mental health assessment which shows that person is a danger to themselves or others. And then they have to go to the court to get the court to determine whether or not that person is a danger to themselves or others. So, it's a three-step process, while, in red flag states, all you have is a one-step process; 》

West Virginia University made headlines in the world of higher education this year when it announced it was making major cuts to some academic programs and faculty. There's concern about whether other public universities may follow suit. Special correspondent Hari Sreenivasan has reports for our series, Rethinking College.
《ウェストバージニア大学が学科や教員を大幅削減; 他の公立大学も追随するのか; Hari Sreenivasan; Gordon Gee, West Virginia University president; On the chopping block, almost 8 percent of its majors and up to 5 percent of its faculty positions. Among the majors eliminated, biometric engineering and almost all foreign languages; you're looking at cutting, I want to say, 32 majors, 169 faculty; due to retirements and a variety of other things, it's going to be about 70 faculty. We will still be one of the most comprehensive, robust universities in the country with well over 300 majors; Last year, West Virginia lawmakers changed how public colleges and universities are funded in the state, giving priority to majors in engineering, education, and information technology; the West Virginia United Students Union founded this July as a direct result of the cuts; other land-grant universities, like Texas A&M and the University of Utah, are making similar changes; ; ランドグラント大学》

A new federal civil rights lawsuit is raising concerns about the treatment of pregnant detainees at an Alabama jail and the potential harm to their unborn children whom the law claims to protect. Stephanie Sy reports.
《覚醒剤陽性反応の妊婦を拘置所へ; シャワー室で出産、大量出血; 胎児を守るための措置が胎児を危険にさらす結果に; Dana Sussman, deputy executive director for Pregnancy Justice; Ashley Caswell was arrested in March 2021 after law enforcement said she'd tested positive for methamphetamines. She was two months' pregnant. The rest of her pregnancy was spent at Etowah County Detention Center in Alabama, where she says she gave birth in a jail shower without any medical help; A lawsuit filed by the advocacy group Pregnancy Justice alleges that, leading up to the birth, Caswell was denied regular access to prenatal visits, forced to sleep on a thin mat on a concrete floor. And during 12 hours of labor, the suit says staff gave her only Tylenol for pain; 》

The Vietnamese-born, Pulitzer Prize-winning author Viet Thanh Nguyen has long written on themes of war, refugees and exile. He covers those directly and personally in a new memoir about his own family’s experience, "A Man of Two Faces." Jeffrey Brown spoke with Nguyen for our arts and culture series, CANVAS.
《作家Viet Thanh Nguyenの新刊回顧録『A Man of Two Faces』; 著者へのインタビュー; 新刊本; ヴィエット・タン・グエン》