今日の英語ニュース☆2023.11.22☆時事英語・ニュース英語を極める
このnoteの目的は、アメリカのニュース番組が理解出来るようになる方法を伝えることです。その方法とは、英語字幕を読みながら英語ニュースを毎日見続けること。 こんな感じです（サンプルのスクリーンショット）。
使う教材は、上のリンクの動画です。
アメリカの公共放送PBSのニュース番組で、質の高い報道に定評がありますが、残念なことに、字幕に誤りがかなり含まれていることがあります。番組がアメリカで放送されてから約２時間で最終版の字幕がアップロードされますので、時間的制約を考えれば誤りは仕方がないことかもしれません。
しかし、英語学習者の場合、字幕に誤りがあると、変だと思っても、それが本当に間違いなのか分からないことがあると思います。あるいは、間違いに気付かないこともあるかもしれません。ですから、正確な字幕が必要です。
そこで、約１時間の番組ですが、英語音声をすべて聞いて、字幕の明らかな誤りを訂正したものをダウンロードできるようにしています（少し下にあります）。この字幕ファイルと動画をダウンロードして再生ソフトで使ってください（上のスクリーンショット動画のように再生できます。英語が速すぎる場合は、あまりおすすめしませんが、再生速度の調節もできます）。
また、このnoteや字幕ファイルでは、辞書を調べても分からないような英語表現を説明しています（辞書を引けば分かる言葉は、自分で調べてください）。辞書に載ってないような表現、辞書にあっても意味がたくさんありすぎてどれなのか分からない言葉、文脈の中で特殊な使われ方をしている言葉、背景の知識がないと分からない部分、ニュース英語や時事英語の独特な表現、知っていると訳に立ちそうな表現などを説明しています（書き加えた説明は[* ……] ）。
それでは、今日も一緒に英語のニュースを見ていきましょう！
■ 英語字幕ファイルのダウンロード
[PBS NewsHour Nov. 21, 2023] の字幕ファイルのダウンロード
（この字幕ファイルはテキストエディタ（windowsの「メモ帳」など）で開くことも出来ますが、下の「字幕ファイルの使い方」のように再生ソフト（無料）で使うことをおすすめします。こんな感じに表示されます。）ブラウザーによってダウンロードがブロックされる場合ば、下のテキストファイルをダウンロードして拡張子.txtを .lrcに変更して使ってください(例えば、Chromeは、.lrcのようなあまり使われない拡張子のファイルを危険と判断することがあるようです)。
■ 動画サイトへのリンク
・直接動画サイトを見る場合のリンクです(リンク先字幕の誤りは元のまま)
・分からない言葉はこの２つの辞書でたいてい見つかると思います
・上の字幕ファイルには、約１時間の番組の全字幕と語句説明があります
・以下はサンプル程度です
[00:00] Introduction
[02:36]★今日のおすすめ★ Israeli forces battle Hamas in Gaza refugee camp as deal to free hostages appears close
イスラエルとハマスの戦い４６日目
Weeks of negotiations have led to an agonizing day as talks continue to free some of the nearly 240 hostages held by Hamas in Gaza. In the proposed deal, Hamas would exchange 50 women and children they hold for 150 women and children in Israeli detention. Nick Schifrin reports on the negotiations.
《After more than a month of negotiations between Israel, Hamas and the U.S. mediated by Qatar, every side indicated today a deal was closer than ever; 》
[06:56] NICK SCHIFRIN: So, part of the negotiation that has been happening is for safe passage for these hostages to go from Hamas control into Israel. And in the past, a kind of pilot was done by the U.S., Israel, Hamas, Egypt, and Qatar that released two Americans.
[** pilot = Something serving as a test or trial (wiktionary)]
[08:34] AMNA NAWAZ: Nick, any hostage negotiation is fraught and high-stakes. Why has this one been so particularly difficult?
[*** fraught = 多くの問題をはらんだ。複雑で難しい ]
[09:49] Families of hostages held by Hamas discuss weeks of agony and hope for release
ハマスの人質の家族が語る苦悩と希望
The families of hostages held by Hamas have faced six weeks of horror and worry. Amna Nawaz discussed the ordeal with Abbey Onn and Liz Hirsh Naftali. Both are awaiting the return of loved ones.
[11:15] But what I feel tonight is, like, we started this morning with this excitement that we were going to have a hostage deal. And it's now the evening, and we don't necessarily have a hostage deal. And what it is a reminder of is that, until we see Abigail and other children and mothers leaving Gaza, we cannot let go. We cannot stop doing this work, and we can't believe it until we actually see it.
[** to let go = To relax and not focus on one's responsibilities. ]
[11:56] ABBEY ONN, Relative of Hostages: I think Liz says it well, but it's almost like a knot, like you're waiting for something to untie, but it's not there yet. It feels really fragile.
[** knot = 結び目、もつれ; 困難な状況 // 少し後にthe knot is still in our stomachという表現も出てきます ]
[12:20] And so we have a lot of hope, I think more hope than we have had at any other point in the process, in terms of a diplomatic resolution for the 50, but we still feel like, until we can see them with our eyes, until we can touch them, the knot is still in our stomachs.
[** < someone's stomach is in knots = used to say that a person has an unpleasant and tight feeling in the stomach, usually from nervousness (Merriam-Webster); anxious, worried, or upset about something, causing an unpleasant feeling in their stomach ]
[19:18] News Wrap
今日のその他の主要ニュース
Binance, the world's largest cryptocurrency exchange, pleaded guilty in a sweeping U.S. securities investigation and agreed to pay $4.3 billion in fines, North Korea claims it launched a spy satellite into orbit and the Philippines and the U.S. started joint naval and air patrols in waters near Taiwan in a move to counter China.
《Also today, the founder of Binance, Changpeng Zhao, pleaded guilty to failing to prevent money laundering. He said he is stepping down as CEO; Top European officials made new shows of support for Ukraine today in its war with Russia. Germany's defense minister, Boris Pistorius, laid flowers at the Maidan uprising memorial in Kyiv. It marks pro-Western protests that toppled a pro-Russian president 10 years ago. And European Union President Charles Michel met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy; the White House warned there are signs that Iran may provide ballistic missiles to Russia; the U.N. Human Rights Office reported more than 10,000 civilians have died in Ukraine in nearly two years of war; there's word that House Speaker Mike Johnson met with former President Donald Trump last night in Florida. It's widely reported that Johnson traveled to the Trump estate at Mar-a-Lago a week after endorsing Mr. Trump's presidential bid; Millions of people began boarding flights and hitting the highways today for what may be a record Thanksgiving travel season. Airports anticipated more than five million passengers before Thursday, and AAA predicted 55 million Americans will drive at least 50 miles from home; sales of existing homes (= 中古住宅) in October were the slowest in 13 years, as high mortgage rates and high prices took a toll; 暗号通貨; 暗号資産; 》
[20:08] [** 北朝鮮の偵察衛星打ち上げのニュース ] North Korea claims it launched a spy satellite into orbit today on its third try. There was no independent confirmation, but the U.S., Japan and South Korea condemned the attempt, which violated a U.N. ban. The North said its leader, Kim Jong-un, watched the launch and said the satellite is a response to hostile military moves by the U.S. and Japan.
[20:30] The Philippines and the U.S. have started joint naval and air patrols in waters near Taiwan in a move to counter China. Beijing has claimed much of the South China Sea inside the so-called nine-dash line. The Philippines and other regional countries dispute that boundary. Just last month, a Chinese coast guard ship rammed a Filipino vessel in the South China Sea.
[** The nine-dash line, also referred to as the eleven-dash line by Taiwan, is a set of line segments on various maps that accompanied the claims of the People's Republic of China (PRC, "mainland China") and the Republic of China (ROC, "Taiwan") in the South China Sea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-dash_line ( Wikipediaの右上のlanguagesに日本語のページへのリンクもあります ) 九段線]
[22:39] In economic news, sales of existing homes in October were the slowest in 13 years, as high mortgage rates and high prices took a toll.
[** existing home = 中古住宅]
[23:29]★今日のおすすめ★ How disputes over the federal debt and deficit could lead to a government shutdown
連邦政府の借金と赤字
The U.S. government remains open this Thanksgiving week, thanks to a temporary funding deal Congress passed last week. But that deal starts to expire in January and conservatives are signaling they won’t pass another funding deal without addressing the swelling national debt. Geoff Bennett and Lisa Desjardins take a look at the big numbers.
《The total national debt is almost $34 trillion; To fight inflation, the Federal Reserve has been increasing interest rates. Well, that means what the U.S. is paying for its loans is also going up; $1 billion a day, that's how much we were paying in interest two years ago... it's $2.6 billion now; the U.S. in a year, looking November to October in the past year, spent $749 billion on interest; Department of Defense budget. How much we spent on that in fiscal 23? -- $782 billion; the three largest drivers of the debt are... Social Security, Medicare and interest. In 2033, all three of those things are going to grow... Social Security especially, Medicare growing. These are mandatory costs that Congress isn't even talking about when we talk about a government shutdown... Congress is not addressing the big drivers of the debt at all; 》
[28:45]★今日のおすすめ★ Constitutional scholar discusses legal battle surrounding Trump's ballot eligibility
合衆国憲法修正第１４条でトランプには大統領選出馬資格なしか
The legal war continues over whether former President Trump should be disqualified from the ballot in Colorado. The case is over Section Three of the 14th Amendment, which bars a person from future office if they have taken an oath to the Constitution and later engage in an insurrection. Laura Barron-Lopez discussed the latest developments with constitutional scholar Laurence Tribe.
《On Friday, a Colorado district judge ruled that Trump did engage in an insurrection by inciting the January 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol, but said the little-known clause doesn't apply to the presidency; both Trump and the plaintiffs in the case, backed by the nonprofit Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, have filed appeals; Laurence Tribe, constitutional scholar at Harvard Law School and first backed the 14th Amendment theory earlier this year; exempting the presidency would turn the Constitution upside down. It would mean, among other things, that Jefferson Davis, having led the Confederacy, could then have turned around after the Civil War and been president again. That's not the way the Constitution was designed or written; If these challenges to former President Trump's qualification fail, and if Trump is granted absolute immunity from criminal prosecution for conspiring to overturn the 2020 election, which is something that he's arguing in the federal January 6 case, what does that mean for the presidency and accountability? -- it would turn the presidency into a dictatorship. It would basically mean that the revolution that we fought against King George failed, and that the American experiment in constitutional democracy, with no one being above the law, lasted 225 years, and then ended; 》
[32:03] Well, I think the Colorado Supreme Court, which is on a very expedited schedule, is quite likely to reverse the bizarre holding that exempts the president, a holding that would, among other things, mean that presidents could accept emoluments from foreign countries, that you could have a religious test for the presidency.
[** holding = 判決]
[33:03] LAURA BARRON-LOPEZ: Professor, Michael Mukasey, the former attorney general under George W. Bush, argued in an op-ed recently that Trump is not an -- quote -- "officer of the United States," which is some of the language that they use in the 14th Amendment. And he cited a 2010 ruling by the Supreme Court where Chief Justice John Roberts said that the people do not vote for officers of the United States.
[** officer of the United States = An officer of the United States is a functionary of the executive or judicial branches of the federal government of the United States to whom is delegated some part of the country's sovereign power. The term officer of the United States is not a title, but a term of classification for a certain type of official... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officer_of_the_United_States]
[33:33] Judge Luttig, Michael Luttig, a very distinguished former federal judge, a conservative, and I have examined that argument and find it, frankly, empty. It just doesn't make sense. Of course, the people don't vote for other officers. That's why the Constitution specifies that the senators and members of the House are subject to this. And then it says, so are officers of the United States, those who are not elected. It's true that presidents aren't elected. Neither are Cabinet members. Yet no one doubts that they are subject to this restriction. It just doesn't make the slightest sense. And with all due respect to former Attorney General Mukasey, he wouldn't get a high grade on turning that answer in.
[** Michael Luttig = 以前の番組で取り上げています ]
[** It's true that presidents aren't elected. = この部分は意味不明。音声を聞くと、大統領は選挙で選ばれていない、と確かに言っているようだが、実際には選挙で選ばれている。Michael Mukaseyは、トランプはofficer of the United Statesではないと言っているが、その理由として、2010年の判決の中でローバーツ連邦最高裁長官が、officer of the United Statesは選挙で国民に選ばれるものではない、と述べた点を挙げている（つまり、トランプは選挙で選ばれたのだからofficer of the United Statesではない）。問題の核心に関わる部分なのでここが不明だと困る。 ]
[36:20] Thailand program looks to reunite families separated by climate change-driven migration
地球温暖化で農業が不安定になり出稼ぎが増加。家族が一緒に暮らせるようにするタイの取り組み
The number of households where children are raised by grandparents is rising in lower and middle-income countries. Parents have moved away for opportunities as agricultural jobs no longer provide a reliable income due to climate change. Fred de Sam Lazaro reports for the series, Agents for Change, produced in partnership with the Under-Told Stories Project at the University of St. Thomas.
《Homeward Bound program; 》
[42:18] FRED DE SAM LAZARO: They have set up a small farm at home, growing mushrooms and sunflower microgreens that she sells at a nearby hospital farmer's market.
[** microgreen = The small, young seedling of a plant used as a visual flavor accent and occasionally as a salad green (wiktionary); 画像検索すると、スプラウトやかいわれ ]
[44:33]★今日のおすすめ★ Iceland scientists optimistic volcano may spare town as major eruption appears imminent
アイスランドで数日内に大規模噴火の可能性
Scientists in Iceland say that a major volcanic eruption could occur within days. But they are increasingly optimistic that it may spare a town 40 miles southwest of the capital Reykjavik. Special correspondent Malcolm Brabant reports.
[50:56] A Brief But Spectacular take on love, joy and the pursuit of happiness
Jonathan McCrory has served as the artistic director at the National Black Theatre for over ten years. Along the way, he earned three Obie Awards, the highest honor for off-Broadway theater. He shares his Brief But Spectacular take on love, joy and the pursuit of happiness.
■ おすすめの辞書（時事英語やニュース英語に強い辞書）
■ 英語のラジオを聞く（BGM代わりにCNNやBBC）
■ 英語のテレビを見る（NBC News ・ ABC News）
■ セサミストリートで英語を楽しむ
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